Current Issue : January - March Volume : 2015 Issue Number : 1 Articles : 5 Articles
There is plenty of research about the influence factors of corporate Research and Development (R&D) behavior,\nbut rarely is the define process of corporate R&D behavior explored. The external inducement of corporate R&D\nbehavior is regarding government innovation policy and variation of market demand as external stimulus to\ncorporate R&D behavior, based on Stimulus and Response Theory. Different enterprises may have different R&D\nbehavior outputs that face the same stimulus input, caused by black-box of enterprise�s internal state, which\ncomprise two aspects of enterprise characteristics and industry characteristics. Then, an integrity and legible model\nwas founded which describes the excitation process of corporate R&D behavior....
In order to strengthen their competitiveness, companies have to look for ways that allow them\nto be innovative and to achieve better performance. To reach these objectives, previous\nresearches suggested that companies must implement motivational managerial practices. In\nparticular, employee empowerment is recognized as a key for building trustful-relationships\nin the organizations, which in turn lead to innovation and higher level of performance. In this\nperspective, the purpose of this paper is to examine the effect of employee empowerment on\nboth innovation and organizational performance and to explore the mediating role of trust in\nthese relationships. The main result of the empirical study conducted with a sample of 248\nfirms belonging to ICT Tunisian sector is that employee empowerment has a positive effect\non trust, innovation and organizational performance....
Capital market paves the way for developing and creating job and improving level of welfare\nby directing capitals and savings of people. Economic growth and welfare improvement cannot\nbe achieved in long term without considering investing and main factors existing in the\nenvironment. This paper evaluates factors affecting transactors and managers decision\nmaking for investing. Independent variables include dividend per share (DPS), yield, price\ntrend, market status, consulting and recommendations of brokers, and perceived risk which is\nconsidered as features of capitalists. Also, dependent variable contains transactors and\nmanagers decision making. Statistical population includes all capitalists referred to hall of the\nTehran Stock Exchange in 2012. The sample is simply randomized. Data is collected through\nlibrary and field methods by distributing questionnaires among 130 stock capitalists. Then, the\nresearch hypothesis is examined and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with\nrespect to collected data. Finally, the obtained results from distributed questionnaires are analyzed using SPSS software. The results show that capitalists do not rely on the financial\nstatements and financial ratios and the accounting system as a whole, in return, they consider\nthe more tangible criteria such as price trend and market status....
This paper explores to find out the determinants of the change of CEO equity-based\ncompensation structure. We use the US nonfinancial listed companies as sample and find that\nwhen the change of stock return and size increase positively, the percentage of stock\ncompensation and the stock-minus-option compensation relative to last year increase.\nMoreover, when the change of CEO duality increases positively, the percentage of\nstock-compensation and the percentage of stock-minus-option compensation relative to last\nyear decrease. The empirical results represent that when firms perform better, sizes are bigger,\nand when there is a supervision mechanism of CEOs, stock compensation relative to last year\nwill rise. Furthermore, the change of entrenchment index is positively correlated with\nequity-based compensation relative to last year. We also investigate the relation between\nequity-based compensation and risk-taking. Option compensation will increase firms� stock\nreturn risk, but stock compensation will decrease firms� stock return risk. Although there is no\nobvious conclusion that whether stocks or options are better, this study shows that stock\ncompensation dominates option compensation in the view of risk-taking. We recommend that\nexecutive equity-based compensation should mostly consist of restricted stock....
The Role of Creativity and Innovation on business growth and sustainability the study set out to accomplish the\nfollowing objective which was to determine the role of creativity and innovation in entrepreneurial activity, business\ngrowth and sustainability. The study relied on current secondary data sourced from books, internet, journals\nunpublished materials. The study examined the contributions of successful global business entrepreneurs and\nindustrial Revolution. The study made the following findings which were: that (1) Entrepreneurs set for themselves\nhigh apparently unachievable challenges. (2) Governments of market economies orient their policies and\nprogrammes towards fostering entrepreneurship. William-the-conqueror who developed the British common law\nlegal system Based in these findings the following recommendations were made that (1) Entrepreneurs continue to\ntechnologically modernized the globe. (2) Establishment of a global sovereign authority for strict observance of the\nrule of law....
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